What is breast pain (mastalgia)?

Breast pain, also known as mastalgia, is a common condition characterised by discomfort, tenderness, throbbing, sharp, stabbing, burning pain, or tightness in the breast tissue. It can affect anyone, including men, women, and transgender individuals.

Is breast pain usually a sign of breast cancer?

Breast pain is usually not a sign of breast cancer. Most cases of breast pain signal a noncancerous (benign) breast condition. However, any persistent or concerning breast changes should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

What are the different types of breast pain?

Cyclic breast pain:

• Clearly related to the menstrual cycle and fluctuating hormone levels
• Often feels dull, heavy, or aching, and may be accompanied by breast swelling
• Typically affects both breasts, particularly the upper, outer portions
• Intensifies in the two weeks leading up to a menstrual period and usually subsides afterward
• Most common in premenopausal women between 20 and 50 years old

Noncyclic breast pain:

• Unrelated to the menstrual cycle; can be constant or intermittent
• Often described as a tight, burning, stabbing, or aching sensation
• Usually affects one breast in a localised area
• More common in women over 40

What are the Common Causes of Breast Pain?

• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations due to the menstrual cycle, puberty, pregnancy, perimenopause, or menopause
• Breast conditions: Fibrocystic breast tissue, breast cysts, and fibroadenomas
• Medications: Certain antidepressants (SSRIs), high blood pressure medications
• Trauma or injury: Injury to the breast or chest wall; muscle strain
• Infections and inflammation: Mastitis, breast abscess, or costochondritis
• Lifestyle factors: Smoking, high caffeine consumption, stress, and a high-fat diet

When Should I See a Doctor for Breast Pain?

You should contact a healthcare provider if your breast pain:

• Continues daily for more than a couple of weeks
• Occurs in one specific area of your breast and is persistent
• Seems to be getting worse over time
• Interferes with daily activities or awakens you from sleep
• Occurs after menopause
• Is accompanied by a new lump, nipple discharge, or signs of infection

How is Breast Pain Treated?

For mild cases:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers (paracetamol, ibuprofen)
• Warm compresses or ice packs
• Wearing a properly fitted and supportive bra
• Reducing caffeine intake and managing stress

If you have persistent or concerning breast pain, Dr Jesse Hu at Aeden Health specialises in breast surgery and breast conditions. Book a consultation at our Mount Elizabeth Orchard or Novena clinic.