What is constipation?

Constipation is generally defined as having fewer than three bowel movements a week, or experiencing stools that are difficult to pass. Key indicators include dry, hard, or lumpy stools, painful bowel movements, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation.

What causes constipation?

Lifestyle factors:

• Not eating enough fibre
• Not drinking enough water (dehydration)
• Lack of exercise
• Changes in routine (e.g. travel)
• Stress
• Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement

Medications: Certain pain medicines (narcotics), NSAIDs, antidepressants, antacids containing calcium or aluminium, iron pills, and some blood pressure medicines.

Medical conditions: Hypothyroidism, diabetes, colorectal cancer, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, and pregnancy.

How Can I Treat Constipation at Home?

Dietary changes:

• Increase fibre intake (fruits, vegetables, whole grains). In Singapore, good fibre-rich foods include prunes, dragonfruit, oats, and wholemeal bread.
• Drink plenty of water (8-10 cups or 2-2.5 litres daily)

Physical activity: Regular exercise, even walking, can help improve bowel motility.

Over-the-counter medications:

• Bulk-forming agents like psyllium (e.g. Metamucil)
• Osmotic laxatives like polyethylene glycol (e.g. Forlax) or lactulose

When Should I See My Healthcare Provider for Constipation?

Contact a healthcare provider if:

• Constipation is a new problem
• You see blood in your stool
• You are losing weight unintentionally
• You have severe pain with bowel movements
• Constipation lasts longer than three weeks

If you have persistent constipation or notice blood in your stool, Dr Jonathan Foo at Aeden Health can help evaluate and treat the underlying cause. Book a consultation at our Mount Elizabeth Orchard or Novena clinic.