What is diarrhoea?
Diarrhoea is characterised by loose or watery stools during a bowel movement. It is a common condition that typically resolves on its own within a few days. Diarrhoea can be classified by duration: acute (1-2 days), persistent (2-4 weeks), and chronic (more than 4 weeks or recurring regularly).
What causes diarrhoea?
- Infections: Viruses (e.g. norovirus, rotavirus), bacteria (e.g. Salmonella, E. coli), and parasites.
- Food poisoning: Ingesting harmful toxins or pathogens from contaminated food or drinks.
- Medications: Antibiotics, antacids with magnesium, some cancer drugs, and overuse of laxatives.
- Food intolerances and allergies: Lactose intolerance, fructose intolerance, or coeliac disease.
- Diseases affecting the bowels: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
When Should I Seek a Doctor's Help for Diarrhoea?
You should contact a healthcare provider if:
- Diarrhoea lasts more than two days (for adults)
- You experience signs of dehydration (extreme thirst, dry mouth, dark urine, dizziness)
- You have a high fever
- There is severe pain in the abdomen or rectum
- Stools are black and tarry, or contain red blood or pus
- You have frequent vomiting
How is Diarrhoea Treated?
Most acute cases resolve without specific treatment. Home management focuses on:
- Preventing dehydration by drinking plenty of water and electrolyte-balanced fluids
- Eating low-fibre, binding foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT diet)
- Over-the-counter anti-diarrhoeal medicines (e.g. loperamide)
How Can I Prevent Diarrhoea?
- Wash hands frequently, especially after using the restroom and before eating
- Be cautious with food and water, especially when travelling
- For those with intolerances, avoid trigger foods
If you experience persistent or recurring diarrhoea, Dr Jonathan Foo at Aeden Health can help evaluate and treat the underlying cause. Book a consultation at our Mount Elizabeth Orchard or Novena clinic.