What is the thyroid gland and what does it do?

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck, just below your Adam's apple. It produces hormones that regulate your body's metabolism.

What are common thyroid conditions?

The two most common thyroid conditions are hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Other conditions include thyroiditis, goitre, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer.

Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)

What is hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, slowing down your metabolism.

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism? Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin, hair thinning, muscle weakness, joint pain, depression, and a slowed heart rate.

How is hypothyroidism treated? Hypothyroidism is treated with daily thyroid hormone replacement medication, typically levothyroxine. Treatment is usually lifelong.

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)

What is hyperthyroidism? Hyperthyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to an accelerated metabolism.

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism? Symptoms include unexplained weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, anxiety, tremors, increased sweating, heat sensitivity, and difficulty sleeping.

How is hyperthyroidism treated? Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery (thyroidectomy).

Thyroid Nodules and Cancer

What are thyroid nodules? Thyroid nodules are lumps that form in the thyroid gland. They are very common and usually benign. However, some can be cancerous and require evaluation including ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Is thyroid cancer common? Thyroid cancer is relatively uncommon but its incidence has been increasing. Most thyroid cancers are highly treatable, especially when detected early.

When Should I See a Doctor About Thyroid Concerns?

See a doctor if you experience unexplained weight changes, fatigue, changes in heart rate, mood swings, or if you notice a lump or swelling in your neck.

If you have concerns about your thyroid health, Dr Jesse Hu at Aeden Health specialises in thyroid surgery and thyroid conditions. Book a consultation at our Mount Elizabeth Orchard or Novena clinic.